LO6- Regulaory Bodies- Legal and Ethical

REGULATORY- AUDIENCE

Discuss the potential media affects of a media product you have studied.
Discuss the regulatory guide lines on a media product you have studied.
Give opinion and debate.
Keeps media poduct in order and prevents negative affects to the wrong audience
Passive Audience Theor- Hyperdermic Stringe To support people being exposed to innapropriate material.
Active Audienc Theory-
Surviellance
Escapism                                           Theory of why people use and watch media product
Building Personal Relations
Building Personal Identity

Stuart Hall- Dominant , Negotioanted, Oppeirational
Negative Representation in The media
Representation of women- are they  objectified ( Mulvey 1979) Representation of men (Earp and katz ,1999) quation of masculinity with pathological control and violence.
Alvarodo 1987 Hall 1995 - Ethnicity, Exotic dangerous humorus.
Turton 2014- Hoigans, Trouble causes, Black and asian boys
DESENSITISATION - Becoming tollenrant to violence
COPYCATVIOLENCE
MORAL PANIC- When the media demonises a group of people
Folk Devil

Chris Anderson- Exposed to violent images makes you violent

BBFC-
The BBFC - British Board of Film Classification
Gives each film in the U.K a film classification of which age group are allwed to watc it and who isnt .
PEGI- Similar to the BBFC. Pegi give video games an age certificate fo who are able to play their games
ASA  - Advertising Standards Authority
IPSO
RAJAR
BARB -Broadcasting Audience Research Board
OFCOM

"Media affects are predominanlely negative Discuss the statement based on a media product you have studied."

Give Your Opinion to answer o the question- DEBATE

Tell me the product and specific audience








LEVEL 4
                
16-20

LEVEL 3                                                               12 Marks= Pass

11-15

LEVEL 2
6-10

What is audience research and its purpose?

Audience research is finding out what the audience enjoys in order for the product to sell.
The purpose is to find key interests

NRS

NRS - National Readership Survey

They collect audience research for print and advertising trading in Britain.
The NRS collect data through grouping audiences by their

Disposable Income- The extra money

Barb -responsible for delevering the United Kingdom's television audiences measurement systems.

They cover 5  questions

Whos watching ?
What they are watching?
When are they watching ?
Which screen are they watching on?
How they got it on the screen?

The most viewed programme on BBC1 according to Barb is the Great British Bake Off, which recieved 15 million views. This research is important because the shows depend on the views.

RAJAR - Radio Joint Audience Research

RAJAR is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK.
Rajar is in charge for measuring radio audience in the UK. The audeince research is published quartly. The listener is defined as a person who tuned in for at least 5 minutes- They are counted.


Primary research when the research is accomplished through you dierectly.
Interview
Questionaire
Serveys


Secondary Research is information through people.
Online
Reading Books
Newspapers
Internet Articles.
Blogs.
Film review.

Mise-en-scene- what is included

Camerawork- pick three key scenes - relate to film meaning

Editing- same key scenes - continuity techniques

Sound- diegetic , non diegetic- effect and impact

Macro meaning
production and techniques

Point - Macro element- The technical element of mis-en-scene
Lighting, Colour, Costumes, Location/Iconography,Character Gestures, Props
Data- Film example
Question- Link- Theory

X- Men Apocalypse
Costumes in the film X-Men apocalypse connotes the binary opposition characters through the colour and style of the costumes.
Also the Lighting in many scenes such as low key lighting is used in negative scenes such as the awakening of Apocalypse to present the dark theme.


Camera Work
Shot type
Angles
Composition
Movements

Mindmap

HomeWork 5/12/16

Data Sheet From Barb/ Rajar/NRS etc.

15
No Nudity
Strong Language
Drug Use

Identify ;

1.The 2 main areas when media effects are discussed

Passive - Hypodernic syringe theory.
Active -

2.Give examples of a theory that can be applied to each area

3.Give an example of a media text that caused a 'moral panic'


BBFC - British Film Classification.

Gives films an age range
This is to protect the public from violent inappropriate content.

Used to be called British Board Film Censors changed its name in 1984.

Home Videos (VHS) from the early 80s.
Video Recording Acts 1984   - Video Nasties

BBFC - Used to be called British Board of Film Censors changed name in 1984.
Until 2012 they use to ban video games

At least 5 Examples of content from the film that support or go against the regulatory guidelines for the age classification

X Men Apocalypse Film Classification 2D

X-Men Apocalypse has been given a 12 certificate by the BBFC. This is due to;

Violence

L06

m

What is the main point of the aricle?
BBFC have givenThe Dark Knigh rises a 12A certificate and it includes 'dark content' - Psychopathic
                                                                                                                                             The Joker
                                                                                                                                              No empathy
Learning Objectives;

Investigate the potential impact of media products.

Hypodermic Singe- Imples that media has a negative impact. Mass audience believe everythin they see/hear.

In he 1940s and 50s, the mass media were preceived as an extreme influece towards audiences adapted behaviou.This was linked to rise of advetising.


Passive audience theory - The model does not hold much positivity for the audience, However it is a good method for a media producer, politicians and towards he use of marketing.


When the mass media demonises groups, people or producers that they believe become a threat to society values and interests it is called a moral panic.- (Stanely Cohen, 1972).

The group/Products are referred to as folk devils
Anything in the news at present.



Violence in the media

Anderson 2007-
That high exposure to fast paced violent can lead to changes to in brain functions when processing violent images, including dampening of emotional responses to violence. One of the high risk factors?

This is known as desensition - ' use to violent images or gory scenes'

Ferguson 2012 showed no long term link over three years. - Short Term



 A group of crystal meth-crazed neo-Nazis invade a Jewish family's home and subject them to beating, rape, torture, and murder.

This film is banned in the U.K for its gory, physchotic action.




 The government of North Korea believes that the film, about the assassination of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, represents "dangerous filmmaking, which justifies and encourages terrorism," according to a statement made by the North Korean embassy in Russia.



Columbine High School Massacre Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine,^[3][4] an unincorporated area of Jefferson County in the American state of Colorado. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and carbombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed Suicide.





Representation

Who is being represented ?

All reesentations are mediated hall , 1980

Is there use of stereotypes/ countertypes - Perkins, 1979. Not all stereotypes are negative.


Representation of women- are they  objectified ( Mulvey 1979) Representation of men (Earp and katz ,1999) quation of masculinity with pathological control and violence.

Alvarodo 1987 Hall 1995 - Ethnicity, Exotic dangerous humorus.


Turton 2014- Hoigans, Trouble causes, Black and asian boys

Lloyd 199- Girls are double deviant - trouble causes but shouldnt be because they are  women.



X- Men Appocalypse:

- Portraying women in revealing costumes
- Men being the leader not women- male dominate women


Othe School of thoughts- wee are able to filter and adapt in media (Gauntelett,1995)


We have uses and gratifications theory ( McQuail, 1972)

Theory - People use media for heir own purpose , escapism, building personal relationsships and building personal identity

Hall - Encoding / Decoding Model


Preferred reading - By audiences depending on teir background but accepts he dominant


Negotiated Reading- Particullary agrees with meaning



Opositional reading - meaning understood but dont agree and think opposite


Aberrant- Gets the completely wrong idea entirely.



Identify the potenial impact of a media product you have studied on the audience. 20 marks.

LO4 Uses and Gratification theory

There are four reasions people consume media product or gain pleasure from them
Denis McQuail

• Surveillance

                  To find information about the world (News , Documentaries).

• Escapism

                 Where you can escape the reality of your daily live and relax e.g. films and tv.

•  Building Personal Identity

                   Gaining or creating an identity through media find out who you are.

• Building Personal Relationships

                  Having connections and links with friends e.g Facebook. Provides a topic of conversation.

X- Men offers people escapism through giving the audience a fantasy sci-fi  based film which allows the audience to relax and escape from their lives.X-men provides fictional characters in a fantacy world.This also offers the audeince pleasure while relaxing

Audience

X- Men Apocalypse


Age
X-Men Apocalypse is targeted at a 12- 35 year old age group.This is because of the age restriction and the film including many action violence.
Gender
Age- Male 65%. 35% Females
Social Grade
C2DE due to it having a young target audience.

Key Personnel

What are the key personnel for the film industry?

Director

Editors

Producers

Cast

Animators

Scriot Writers

Special effects

Key Personnel

X-men

Pre Production - Costume Design , Accountant Manager this is needed in order to definetly know
Production- Hair and Make up
Post production-

LO2 - Traditional and Digital Marketing

Traditional ways of marketing a product
Billboards
Television Adverts
Posters
NewsPaper
Flyers
Magazines
Radio
Theatrical Trailer (Months before relsease)
TV trailer-30s (During release/Before)
Teaser Trailer-30s (Generates Interest)


Traditional advertising is a good idea because it is great way to promote you product because it creates awareness for older people who dont use social media.

Digital ways of marketing a product

Social Mediae.g Facebook, Instagram ,Twitter etc

E.g. Facebook users share trailers alot of followers is a disadvantage you miss the film post.

Youtube Adverts

Youtube- Video on Demand- Videos produced by film companies.

This is a great idea because people use social media everyday.However, it isnt good for people who want to sell product to an older audience.This is becuase there are more younger people than older poeople on social media.(Captive Audience - Showing trailers of the same genre of the film your going to watch in cinema.)

Social Media is free for the film company to use and promote.interaction with  the film e.g.likes,comments,share etc


Pre 2000-
Web 1.0 - Web pages which were interactive

2000- Broad Band- Faster download speed entered the uk providing people with faster download speed and meant more content could be deliverd to users
Web 2- o'Riley 2004
Material content on the web is interactive
Youtube  - Launched in 2005 becoming the most popular video on demand website in the world.


Digital Methods are in existence because of technologic convergence - Where to different forms of tech come together. This is referred to as  a black box



Above the line method
Premieres
Trailers
Posters
Target large audience


Below the Line Methods- Induvidual target
Social media e.g. Twitter, Instagram updates.

Media product and audience

Lesson 1

Media production and Audience

Narrative Theory

Film Plot

Tim O Sullivan et al. (1998)
'All media text tells us some type of story'.
Through careful mediation, media texts offer a way telling stories about ourselves (as a culture)-These are ideologies

Ideologies in X-Men Appocalypse.

Throughout the movie men are presented stronger.Not just physically but mentally.Having people close to you makes you much stronger.

Pam Cook (1985)
The standard Hollywood narrative structure should have:
"Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma reslotion".
A high degree of narrative closure.
A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence.


How does X-Men present an enigma that is resolved?
This film portrays a problem that is solved by portraying all the 'good' characters to work together as a team to defeat the 'bad' characters.magnito gathers all mutants to defeat appocalypse.

Tzvetan Todorov (1997)
Stage 1 - A point of stable equilibrium
Stage 2- This is stability is distrupted by some kind of force, which creates a state of disequilibrium.
Stage 3- Action directed against the disruption
Stage 4- Restoration of a state of new equilibrium.

The beginig of the film shows a stable setting

X- Men based on flash backs and flash forwards to portay negative scenes that have alrady occured



Claude Levi-Strauss (1958)
Binary Opposites e.g. Good Vs Evil.

Costumes Appocalypse wears a dark mask costumes while the others wearing lighter colours.

All narrative feature stock characters and that audiences understood stories because of such feature.

• Vilian/Antagonist
• Hero/Protagonist
• Helper/Supporter
• Princess (The prize for the hero- not necessarily a person)
• One that is rescued/saved/helped

What character types are present in your film?

There are many types of charcters presented in this film such as

Appocalypse vs Professor X

4 HorseMen vs Mutants

Rolland bartthes 1977

Narrative Codes:

Enigma Codes work to keep up setting problems or puzzles for the audience.

Action Codes work to infor the audience in terms of what is happening next.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciP_u9Wi1hU 

1.33 to 138

Beginging of film music

LO3 Genre Theory

What do you understand is meant by the term genre ?

Is the type or category of a film
E.g. Comedy, Horror, Action, Sci-Fi, Fantasy, Romance, Thriller, Action Adventure, Social Realism
Comedy is a treatment not an actual genre.

6* Star on the exam means spelling,punctuation,grammer needs to be correct for full marks.

Analyse the concept of representation and genre in a media product you have studied.

Genre is a tool that helps us study texts and audience responses to texts by dividing them into categories based on common elements.
These common  elements are called generic/coventions/characteriscs/element or tropes.
hybrid genre- mix of genres.

x-men My film is an action film


         

Term used to refer these more specific genre categories is a subgenre e.g. slasher, zombie, hammer horror, gothic horror. ( genre in a genre)


Barry keith grant 1995 said all genres have subgenres.
x men is a hybrid movie of action and fantasy.This is because it is made up of non human characters.

Why do audiences like genre?
An easy way to chatagories  movies. Fulfil audience with familiar film types.
Patrick Phillips 1996 - Genre offers audiences 'comfortable reassurance'

How is your film predictable in terms of genre?
X-men is predictable because of the setting and some characters not being humans gives the audience an idea of what problems would accure living with mutants.

Why do media industries like genre?

Media industries like genre because it gives the audience an idea of the film

Branston and Stfford (1999)
Help to minimise risk and predict expenditure, Are able a blueprint for success and genre conventions also make it easier to market and sell products to audiences.

Marketing - Success
My film was successful.This is because it was released through 20th Century Fox and marketed through their subsidaries.Radio, News, Newspapers, Billboards, Adverts.

What do we like about particular genres, other than familiarity?
Actors playing same role e.g. tom cruise
Certain genres bring out certain emotions.

Rick Altman

Emotional pleasures -Genres offer pleassures ,happy,sad, nostalgic etc.
Visceral Pleasures- 'Gut' responses excitement, fear, laughter etc
Intellectual puzzles- Makes the audience think.


Write down the 'pleasures'that the genre of your film may offer?

Niche - Only a small audience e.g. social relaist films


My film action film X-Men Appocolyps offers inntelectual puzzles through out the film as well as Visceral pleasure, Which is also presented through out the film.

Certain genres reflect wider ideas in society and themes?
E.g. District 9 a Sci-Fi.

David Bordwell 1989 said any theme may appear in any genre
Theme= the ideas, ideologies,concepts. 'myths' etc. that are encoded into a media text.
What are its message, Whats its message

What themes are there in your film? Is this relevant to genre ?
Fantasy,Action Adventure, Drama and Sci-Fi its distopia non of it is reality.The characters are mutants.

Sound

Why is sound important in creating meaning for the audience?

Sound is a very important and affective tool used in films. For example in horror films creaky music gives off intense suspense to the audience.The music of the film depends on the genre.

Diegesis is the narrative construct that everything takes place in, it is the 'story world/ the world the film or tv programme takes place in'.
how real the diegesis appears is linked to the level of 'verisimilitude' )which means the appearance of being real)'.


Diegetic Sound

Is the noises that are happeninig from within the diegetic (the story world)
e.g sound effects- footsteps,dialogue

They are added during production and post production to create meaning. Sound effects and dialogue in particullar are planned carefully during pre-production

Synchronouns Sounds
Sounds which are synchronized or matched with what is viewed.This is a diegetic sound.
Used for footsteps or movement. Also when characters play instruments the sound is added post production.

Ambient Sound

Refers to any sounds that are used to establish location. e.g back ground noise to make it natural


Dialogue is the voice of the character on screen

Accent - Way you pronounce words depends on location
Dialect- The words you use also depends on location
Tone - How you say things- intonation - angry
Mode of address -Formal / Informal 3 type MOA Peer to Peer, Parent to child, Parent to child, Teacher to Pupil.



Non- Diegetic Sound

Theme songs- e.g Dark Vader, Jaws,Narrators
Non diegetic is the sound of something when the source is not visible on scree and clearly not coming from the story world.

Sound Bridge

Leads in or out of a scene

One of the most common transitions in the continuity editing style.

Can be both Non- Diegetic and Diegetic. For example can start Non-Diegetic then got then bridge to the source being visible becoming Diegetic

Incidental Music

Music composed in a film or play as a background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere

The incidental music is composed to accompany the actions of a drama or to fill intervals between scenes

Gives hints to what is about to happen next typically used in harror films or dramas to create tension.

Stings

Used as distinctive background music to add emphasis to an important moment in a motion picture or television program.

A sting can be used to introduce a section of a show, or indicate the end of a scene.

Used in

Raio, Any Genre, radio, Television advert

Motifs

The sound motifs condition the audience emotionally for the arrival or action of a character.

Active viewers find the pattern relating it to characters or action.

Can help shape a story that requires many characters.

e.g. mission impossible , star wars, james bond, jaws, imperial death march.